后浪笔记一零二四

vim: 先决定操作，再选择范围。helix: 先选择范围，再执行操作。

Helix 继承自 Kakoune 的“先选中后操作”逻辑（多光标为核心），更直观；Vi/Vim 采用“动作-对象”模式，需记忆组合键（如 dw删除单词），学习曲线陡峭

Helix 内置模糊搜索、文件管理、Git 集成等，减少对外部工具的依赖

u 撤销undo修改
U 恢复redo修改

:show-clipboard-provider 可以展示当前使用的系统粘贴板工具名。

  • Helix 在 Linux 下默认依赖 xclip，但支持通过配置适配wl-clip
  • 安装： apt install -y xclip
  • 测试： 
    echo "测试文本" | xclip -selection clipboard  # 复制到剪贴板
xclip -selection clipboard -o                # 从剪贴板粘贴
  • 安装： apt install -y wl-clipboard
  • 测试： 
    echo "测试文本" | wl-copy    # 复制到剪贴板
wl-paste                    # 从剪贴板粘贴

config.toml支持的配置：

  • scrolloff
  • scroll-lines
  • mouse
  • shell
  • line-number
  • cursorline
  • cursorcolumn
  • gutters
  • middle-click-paste
  • auto-pairs
  • auto-completion
  • path-completion
  • auto-format
  • default-yank-register
  • auto-save
  • text-width
  • idle-timeout
  • completion-timeout
  • preview-completion-insert
  • completion-trigger-len
  • completion-replace
  • continue-comments
  • auto-info
  • file-picker
  • statusline
  • cursor-shape
  • true-color
  • undercurl
  • search
  • lsp
  • terminal
  • rulers
  • whitespace
  • bufferline
  • indent-guides
  • color-modes
  • soft-wrap
  • workspace-lsp-roots
  • default-line-ending
  • insert-final-newline
  • atomic-save
  • trim-final-newlines
  • trim-trailing-whitespace
  • smart-tab
  • popup-border
  • indent-heuristic
  • jump-label-alphabet
  • inline-diagnostics
  • end-of-line-diagnostics
  • clipboard-provider
  • editor-config

模糊搜索:

  • 文件跳转（File Picker）
    • 快捷键 Space+ f（或直接输入 :file-open）打开文件选择器。
    • 输入文件名或路径片段即可模糊匹配，支持实时筛选。例如输入 mai.rs可快速找到 main.rs
  • 符号搜索（Symbol Search）
    • 快捷键 Space+ s搜索当前文件的符号（如函数、变量），基于 Tree-sitter 的语法树解析，结果更精准
  • 全局文本搜索​
    • 快捷键 Space+ /启动全局搜索，输入关键词后会在项目范围内匹配内容，类似 ripgrep但无需额外配置
  • 搜索结果中可使用 Ctrl-n/Ctrl-p上下导航，Enter确认选择

文件管理:

  • ​​文件浏览器
    • 快捷键 Space+ e 打开文件浏览器
    • 使用 j/k导航，Enter进入目录或打开文件，Backspace返回上级目录
  • 文件操作命令
    • :new filename创建新文件，:save-as另存为
    • :cd /path切换工作目录，:pwd显示当前路径

helix的配置：

theme = "catppuccin_mocha"
[editor]
mouse = false
[editor.soft-wrap]
enable = true
[keys.normal]
"g" = { ";" = ":echo %sh{git blame -L %{cursor_line},+1 %{buffer_name}}" }

golang

go install golang.org/x/tools/gopls@latest                               # LSP
go install github.com/go-delve/delve/cmd/dlv@latest                      # Debugger
go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports@latest                       # Formatter
go install github.com/nametake/golangci-lint-langserver@latest           # Linter
go install github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@latest # Linter cli

The LSP formatter (gofmt) does not fix imports, goimports should be used instead.

languages.toml:

[[language]]
name = "go"
auto-format = true
formatter = { command = "goimports" }

typescript

npm install -g typescript typescript-language-server

To configure type language server, add a tsconfig.json or jsconfig.json to the root of your project.

Here’s an example that disables type checking in JavaScript files.

{
	  "compilerOptions": {
			    "module": "commonjs",
					"target": "es6",
					"checkJs": false
		},
		"exclude": ["node_modules"]
}

html和scss和json: npm i -g vscode-langservers-extracted

rust

rustup component add rust-analyzer

Add the following to your languages.toml to enable clippy on save:

[language-server.rust-analyzer.config.check]
command = "clippy"

You may also wish to enable all features, as it will allow you to use rust-analyzer in integration-test for example.

[language-server.rust-analyzer.config.cargo]
features = "all"

See docs for extra settings.

Everything under the rust-analyzer key goes under language-server.rust-analyzer.config key in helix (for example, rust-analyzer.check.command = "clippy" is translated into the language.toml as above.)

c/c++

NOTE: Clang >= 9 is recommended!

clangd relies on a JSON compilation database specified as compile_commands.json or, for simpler projects, a compile_flags.txt.

For details on how to automatically generate one using CMake look here. Alternatively, you can use Bear.

Multi-File:
	:e filename = edit a file in a new buffer
	:bn = go to next buffer
	:bd = delete a buffer(close file)
	:sp fn = open a file in new buffer and split window(以水平的方式打开)
	:vsp fn = open a file in new buffer and split window(以垂直的方式打开)
	ctr w = window commands:
		ctrl-w s = split window(以水平的方式)
		ctrl-w w = switch windows
		ctrl-w q = quit a window
		ctrl-w v = split windows vertically(以垂直的方式)
	Tab Commands:
		:tabe fn = edit file in new tab
		gt = next tab
		gT = previous tabs
		:tabr = First tab
		:tabl = Last tab
		:tabm [N] = move current tab after tab N

Exiting:
	:w = save
	:wq = save and quit
	:x = save and quit
	:q = quit, but failed if unsaved
	:q! = quit

Search/Replace:
	/pattern = search for pattern
	?/pattern = search backwards for pattern
	n = repeat search in same direction
	N = repeat search in opposite direction
	:s/old/new/g = replace all old with throughout file
	:s/old/new/gc = replace all old with new in this line and confirm each one
  :%s/old/new/gc = replace all old with new in this file and confirm each one
  :g/^#/d      = 删除所有以#开头的行
  :g/^$/d      = 删除所有的空行

Visual Mode:
    # 进入可视化模式的命令
		v = start visual mode
		V = start linewise visual mode
		ctrl-v = start blockwise visual mode
	Marking Text:
		o = move to other end of marked area
		U = upper case of marked area
		O = move to Other corner of block
		aw = mark a word
		ab = a ()block (with braces)(只能作用小括号)
		aB = a {}block (with brackets){只能作用大括号}
		ib = inner () block(和ab一样，但是不包含括号)
		iB = inner {} block
	commands:
		> = shift right
		< = shift left
		y = yank
		d = delete
		~ = switch case

Cut and Paste:
	dd = delete (cut) a line
	dw = delete the current word
	x = delete current character
	X = delete previous character
	D = delete to end of line
	yy = yank (copy a line)
	2yy = yank 2 lines
	yw = yank word
	y$ = yank to end to line
	p(小写) = put the clipboard after cursor/current line
	P(大写) = put the clipboard before the cursor/current line
	]p = put the clipboard at the proper indentation
	"a = use a register named a for the next yank / paste operation

Cursor Movement:
	h,j,k,l
	ctrl-f = page up
	ctrl-b = page down
	% = 由左括号跳转到右括号
	w = 跳转到下一个单词的开头 
	e = 跳转到以一个单词的结尾
	b = jump backword by words
	gg = go to first line
	gd = go to def of the function or var under the cursor
	[N]G = go to line N or last line
	fx = 跳转到当前文本行的下一个x字符
	; = repeat last f command  (行内查找重复)
	tx = 跳转到当前文本行的下一个x字符前
	Fx = move the cursor backwords to the next occurrence of x
	),( = move the cursor to next, previous sentence
	星号 = 跳转到当前游标中的字符串下次出现的位置
	# = 和星号相反
  当前屏幕跳转:
    H = move the cursor to the Highest line on the screen
		M = move the cursor to the Middle of the screen
		L = move the cursor to the Lowest line of the screen
	书签:
		ma = Make a bookmark name a at the current cursor position
		`a = Go to bookmark a (backtick, not single quote)
    `. = 跳转到当前行最后编辑的地方


Insert Mode :
	i = insert mode at cursor
	I = insert at the beginning of line
	a = append after the cursor
	A = append at the end of the line
	o = open blank line below current line
	O = open blank line above current line
	Esc = exit insert mode
	Completions(Type a few chars then):
		ctrl-n = next completion
		ctrl-p = previous completion

Edition:
	r = replace a single character(!insert mode)
	J = join line below to the cursor line
	cc = change an entire line
	cw = change to the end of word
	c$ = change to the end of line
	s = delete character at cursor and substitute text
	S = delete line at cursor and substitute text
	xp = transpose to letters
	u = undo
	ctrl-r = redo
	. = repeat last command(文本改变重复)
	~ = switch case
	g~iw = switch case of current word
	gUiw = make current word uppercase
	guiw = make current word lowercase
	>>  =  indent line one column right
	<< = indent line one column left
	==  = auto-indent current line

高端操作：

锁定和解锁vim: ctrl+s, ctrl+q

移动一个窗口另一个窗口也跟着移动：:windo :set scrollbind (解绑使用noscrollbind) 同时控制光标： :windo :set cursorbind (解绑使用nocursorbind)

Select several lines with V(Shift-v), then type command bellow: :let i=1 | ‘<,’>g/^/ s//=i . " “/ | let i+=2

type :help sub-replace-expression to read more

vim重复的类型：

重复类型 重复操作符 回退操作符
文本改变重复 . u
行内查找重复 ; ,
全文查找重复 n N
文本替换重复 & u
宏重复 @[寄存器] u

文本替换重复

一般来说，我们可以采用这样的形式:s/target/replacement/g来将行内出现的字符串 target替换为另外一个字符串replacement，要是我们想在其他行执行相同的替换工作， 可以用&来重复替换操作

宏录制重复

vim里面宏录制是一个非常NB的功能，你可以录制一系列的操作到寄存器里面，之后直接@{寄存器}就可以重复之前录制的一系列操作。

vim里面可以用q{寄存器}开始进行录制，之后用q来结束录制，寄存器的名字a-z中的任意一个，比如qa就是将操作录制到寄存器a中，之后如果想要使用该宏，使用@a接可以重复录制的操作。

技巧: 将this is number1文本进行复制，然后粘贴到下一行，并将数字1增加到2，内容变为 this is number2，依次重复10次。 可以使用命令： qa,yy,p,ctrl+a,q然后10@a将这个宏重复10次就行了。

Ctrl+a，该操作会从光标处开始，向后查找离光标最近的数字，如果找到就将数字的值加1。
Ctrl+x，就是将数字减1。

.vimrc

syntax on
set fillchars+=vert:\\
set encoding=utf-8
":e ++enc=gb18030  尝试用 GB18030 重新加载
set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936,latin1
set nocompatible
set backspace=indent,eol,start
set autoindent copyindent
set mouse-=a
filetype on
set fileformat=unix
autocmd BufNewFile * setlocal fileformat=unix
set fileformats=unix,dos,mac
set noeb belloff=all t_vb=
" 在编程过程中，在右下角显示光标位置的状态行
set ruler
" 光标移动到buffer的顶部和底部时保持3行距离
set scrolloff=3
" 插入模式：不闪烁方块 (█)
let &t_SI = "\<Esc>[2 q"
" 普通模式：不闪烁方块 (█)
let &t_EI = "\<Esc>[2 q"

本文发表于 0001-01-01，最后修改于 0001-01-01。

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